Intoduction to VLSI design using FPGA -module1

VLSI design is an area where million of transistors are fabricated and connected using mostly software tools configured/scripted or programmed by analog, digital circuit design experts with knowledge of how semiconductor devices are fabricated, work and behave electrically, thermally and mechanically and in case of military/aerospace applications they also need to know the device behaviour with radiation. The new factor now which is more important is how to keep the data in the chip secure from hackers. So chip design requires lot of theortical knowledge along with software programming and usage. As more and more integration of the electronics circuits on the same chip results into a very complex system. Design of such complex systems require great design skills, high cost of manufacturing, requires more testing time and also more time to market. Likewise the progress in the scale of integration of circuits require huge effort in obtaining zero defect designs. These complex chips are highly impossible to repair, so designing such systems rises the importance of designing circuits correctly with less manufacturing defects. Since the prototyping of circuit is straightforward, design and manufacturing cost can be recovered over huge volumes of scales. Higher integration has advantages since circuit will be faster, reliable, reduction in parasitic effects, reduction in number ...