I2C Bus interface

How it arrived: Almost 25 years ago, in the early 1980's Philips designed & developed a new bus standard namely I²C bus, for easy communication between Integrated Circuits (especially in TV circuits), which reside on the same circuit board. The name I²C translates into Inter Integrated Circuits is a bi-directional 2-wire bus standard for efficient inter-IC control. So the bus is commonly known as the Inter-IC or I²C -bus. When connecting multiple devices together, the address and data lines of each device were connected individually. This would result in a lot of traces on the PCB, and require more components. This makes the systems expensive and also susceptible to interference and disturbances by Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). The I²C bus standard is a remedy to this problem. Introduction: I²C is a multi-master, low-bandwidth, short distance, serial communication bus protocol. Nowadays it is not only used on single boards, but also to attach low-speed peripheral devices and components to a motherboard, embedded system, or cell-phone, as the new versions provide lot of advanced features and much higher speed. The features like simplicity & flexibility make this bus attractive for consumer and automotive electronics. Details: The basic design of I²C has a 7-bit address space with 16 reserved...